5 Axis Machining
5 axis machining (5 Axis Machining), as the name implies, a mode of CNC machine tool processing. The linear interpolation motion of any of the five coordinates of X, Y, Z, A, B, and C is used. The machine tool used for five-axis machining is usually called a five-axis machine tool or a five-axis machining center.
Development of five-axis technology
For decades, it has been widely believed that five-axis CNC machining technology is the only way to process continuous, smooth, and complex surfaces. Once people encounter unsolvable problems in designing and manufacturing complex surfaces, they will turn to five-axis machining technology. but. . .
Five-axis linkage CNC is the most difficult and widely used technology in numerical control technology. It combines computer control, high-performance servo drive and precision machining technology in one, and is used for efficient, precise and automated machining of complex curved surfaces. Internationally, five-axis linkage numerical control technology is used as a symbol of a country’s production equipment automation technology. Due to its special status, especially its important impact on the aviation, aerospace, and military industries, as well as its technical complexity, developed western industrialized countries have always adopted five-axis CNC systems as strategic materials to implement export licensing systems.
Compared with three-axis CNC machining, from the perspective of technology and programming, using five-axis CNC machining for complex surfaces has the following advantages:
(1) Improve processing quality and efficiency
(2) Expanding the scope of technology
(3) Meet the new direction of compound development
Because of the interference and the position control of the tool in the machining space, the CNC programming, CNC system and machine tool structure of five-axis CNC machining are far more complicated than the three-axis machine tools. Therefore, five-axis is easy to say, and real implementation is really difficult! In addition, it is more difficult to operate well!
The difference between true and false 5 axes is mainly whether there is an abbreviation of “Rotational Tool Center Point” for RTCP function. In the industry, it is often escaped as “rotate around the tool center”, and some people literally translate it as “rotary tool center programming”. In fact, this is just the result of RTCP. The RTCP of PA is the abbreviation of the first few words of “Real-time Tool Center Point rotation”. HEIDENHAIN refers to a similar so-called upgrade technology as TCPM, which is the abbreviation of “Tool Centre Point Management” and tool center point management. Other manufacturers call similar technology TCPC, which is the abbreviation of “Tool Center Point Control”, which is the tool center point control.
From the literal meaning of Fidia’s RTCP, assuming that the RTCP function is performed at a fixed point manually, the tool center point and the actual contact point of the tool with the workpiece surface will remain unchanged. And the tool holder will rotate around the center point of the tool. For ball-end knives, the tool center point is the target track point of the NC code. In order to achieve the purpose that the tool holder can simply rotate around the target track point (that is, the tool center point) when performing the RTCP function, the offset of the linear coordinates of the tool center point caused by the tool holder rotation must be compensated in real time. It can change the angle between the tool holder and the normal at the actual contact point between the tool and the workpiece surface while maintaining the center point of the tool and the actual contact point between the tool and the workpiece surface. Efficiency, and effectively avoid interference and other effects. Therefore, RTCP seems to be standing on the tool center point (that is, the target trajectory point of the NC code) to handle the change of the rotation coordinates.
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